The history of the Institute begins in 1955, when on the base of the 24-th Kiev city hospital M.M.Amosov opened the first in Ukraine specialized clinic of cardiac surgery. In 1957 it was transferred to the F.Yanovsky Ukrainian Scientific Re¬search Institute of Tuberculosis renamed in 1961 as F.Yanovsky Kiev Scientific Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Chest Surgery. In 1983 this clinic was reorganized in Kiev Scientific Research Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Ministry of Health Service of Ukraine, since 1993 - Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery (ICVS) of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Taking into consideration outstanding scientific, practical and educational role the Institute it obtained the status of the National M.M.Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery (decree of the President of Ukraine NQ 513 (2006 of July 14 2006). The first director of the Institute was M.M.Amosov - founder of cardiac surgery in Ukraine, member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Since 1988 the Institute is headed by the real member of the National Academy of Sciences and of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine G.Y.Knyshov.
The Institute was the first in Ukraine to start surgical treatment of heart diseases (1955), to use artificial kidney, to implant pacemakers (1965), to perfonn aorta-coronary artery bypass grafting in ischemic heart disease (1973), to perform surgical treatment of tachysystolic forms of a hart arrhythmias (1984), to perform surgical treatment of congenital heart lesions in newborns (1992). For the first time in Ukraine operations on the heart with the use of an artificial circulation (heart-lung bypass) were fulfilled in 1958, mitral valve replacement was perfonned in 1963, first experimental operations on the heart in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber was performed in 1963; foam oxygenators were used in 1976 and membrane oxygenators in -1985; oxygenators to replace the lung function and for the blood ultra-filtration during heart¬lung bypass were used in 1984; methods of pharmacological-cold protection of the heart during its exclusion from the circulation during operation (1978); pulsatile and synchronized with the heart artificial circulation (1984); intraaortic balloon contra pulsation for the treatment of cardiogenic shock (1986); contemporary multi component infusion therapy of intraoperative autohemotransfusion in cardiac surgery (1986). Antithrombotic models of heart valve prostheses were elaborated and introduced into clinical practice for the first time in the world (1965); computer training programme - simulator for cardio-pulmonary bypass was elaborated (in coauthorship) in 1993; original method of ph anna co logical¬cold myocardial protection with the use of an artificial blood (2001). Since 2000 off pump coronary artery bypass grafting is being performed. Since 2001 - hyperthermic perfusion is used in the treatmentof infective endocarditis; myocardial protection with an artificial blood (perftorane); methods of performing open-heart surgery without the use of a donor blood.
Up to present time the Institute is the main scientific, practical and educational center of cardiovascular surgery in Ukraine. Institute fulfills a big part of all cardiac operations in Ukraine. Institute uses all existing in the world practice methods of cardiac operations and methods of invasive cardiology (except heart transplantation). During the period of the existence of the Institute over 150000 operations were performed on the reason of congenital, and acquired heart le-sions and because of ischemic heart disease; over 1000 specialists had been trained in the Institute.
Annually over 29000 patients are examined in the Insti¬tute and over 5.5 thousands cardiac interventions are perfor¬med with the results and the level of their quality, that corresponds to the world standards.
Institute stably keeps the leading position on a postsoviet territories in the branch of cardiovascular surgery and in re¬gards of scientific elaborations, quantity and quality of cardiac operations, which correspond to the international demands.
The following scientific elaborations were conducted in the Institute on the level of an international demands and rules: problems of a heart electrophysiology in heart failure and rhythm disturbances; the role of helical type heart contractions and the band type of heart structure, their role in blood ejection (the heart as 2 pumps in a closed dempher system). The world level of results was achieved with in valves replacement, in surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease, of rhythm disturbances, of dissecting aortic aneurysms surgical treatment with retrograde cerebral perfusion.
Scientific elaborations of the Institute were marked with diplomas and rewards of the National and Intemational Academies, congresses, by the Amosov prize.
A new approach was elaborated in the treatment of in-fective endocarditis with the use of a general body hypert-hermia. For the first time it was proved that artificially created general body hyperthennia plays role in the stimula¬tion of the human being immune system and as consequence the best results in the world practice were obtained in the tre¬atment of infective endocarditis (recurrences of the disease occur 5 time less frequently than in the other world clinics), the lowest hospital mortality was achieved - 1.9% (in comparison - hospital mortality in surgical treatment of this pathology in other world clinics composes 12-18%). The group of authors received the State Prize of Ukraine in the branch of Science and Technics in 2005 for the elaboration of this method.
The specialized scientific council for the presentation of the theses for the degree «Doctor of Science» and «Candidate of Science», i.e. «PHD» works in the Institute. Perma¬nent training courses on the specialty «Cardiology» and «Cardiovascular surgery» for the national and foreign spe¬cialists act in the Institute.
In 1992 chair the of cardiovascular surgery of the P.L.Shupyk National Academy of Postgraduate stadies was opened on the base of the Institute. Students of the first in Ukraine Chair of Biomedical Engineering ofInteruniversities Medico-Engineering faculty of Kiev Polytechnical Institute are studying in the Institute.
At present time the Institute has 370 hospital beds, 14 operative tables, 11 clinical departments, polyclinic, 15 laboratories fitted with modern equipment.